Though he himself is not a poet, Gaoxin Huang (1936-) has published a dozen of translated poetry collections. Huang has further developed the poetry translation strategy of “yidun daibu” (substituting pause for foot) on the basis of his predecessors and proposed quantitative standards of poetic meter and the “Emulation Method”. This study attempts to examine Huang’s poetry translation style with a corpus-based quantitative and qualitative study. For the study two corpora are constructed: a bilingual parallel corpus of 100 English poems with their Chinese translations and a monolingual comparable corpus of Chinese translations of 100 English poems and 280 original Chinese poems. Data on lexicon, syntax and phonology are collected from the two corpora to address the stylistic characteristics of Huang’s poetry translation at the lexical, syntactic and phonological levels. Huang’s translation employs a richer vocabulary than the original English poems, and the choice of words is more akin to the original Chinese poems. Huang does not replicate the original poem, but preserves the original poem’s harmony of structure, rhythm, and word count by substituting the Chinese pause for the English foot and making full use of the Chinese conjunctions.
Keywords: Gaoxin Huang, Poetry Translation, Translator’s Style, Corpus.

The suffixation of verbs plays an important role in the formation of a meaningful sentence in Manipuri language. All the verbs in Manipuri are bound roots. So, there is always a suffix at the verb in Manipuri sentences. In English language, the tense of a sentence is determined from the verb but in Manipuri language, the tense of a sentence is determined from the suffix(es) associated with the verb. English to Manipuri Machine Translation (EMMT) is a rule-based automatic translation system. In EMMT, the suffixation rules of Manipuri verbs are essential for the derivation of an appropriate suffix(es) of the translated verb in Manipuri from the input English sentence. In this MT, suffixation rules are proposed to use in the post-processing module as a new approach. This paper presents the process of EMMT, different suffixation rules of Manipuri verbs and implementation in EMMT according to the types of tense in English.
Keywords: Verb Suffixation, Machine Translation, Rule-based, Manipuri, Post-processing, Suffixation.

In 2018, the Iranian Ministry of Science, Research, and Technology introduced its B.A. Revised English Translation Programme (RETP). This article reviews the revised curriculum drawing upon concepts such as ‘ideology’ and ‘centralizing political systems’. Analyzing the components of the document, it is argued that the syllabus is the result of ideologically-motivated political factors shaped in post-revolutionary Iran to consolidate the hegemony and ideology of an emerging state. This appears to be a unique case in Translation Studies and translation historiography, in particular as far as the role of socio-political ideology in translation pedagogy is concerned. Findings suggest that there remains a large number of ideologically-motivated courses in the curriculum that are of neither theoretical nor practical uses in translating/interpreting. Drawing on the current trends in Translation Studies, a set of alternative courses is proposed.
Keywords: RETP, Curriculum, Ideology, Centralizing Political System, Courses.

History pertaining to 19th century India has diverse strands running into different directions. These strands are also intertwined beautifully. History of science in India, history of textbook production and history of public instruction are a few of threads that bind 19th-century colonial history. It is hardly surprising that translation runs seamlessly through these strands. But its role has scarcely been analyzed in its true context. The paper attempts to unravel translation and its history concerning science texts translated from English into Gujarati. It aims at providing an overview of the kind of texts undertaken for translation, the translators who attempted it and the context wherein these translations occurred. The paper tries to articulate the significance that translation had for the history of science in India, history of textbook production, history of public instruction in 19th century Gujarat.
Keywords: Public Instruction, Textbook Production, Science Education in India, Translation History.

M.K. Gandhi published a translation of Plato’s Apology in Gujarati as Ek Satyavir ni Katha in his self-edited newspaper Indian Opinion in six instalments. The last instalment was published on 9 May 1908 (CWMG vol.8: 217). This translation played a vital part in Gandhi’s first Satyagraha in South Africa. Gandhi’s translation is ideologically loaded and provides counter-texts that both challenged imperial domination and provided themes and forms for the development of postcolonial debates and new senses of identity. In addition to his politics, Gandhi encounters several issues as a translator, especially with cultural equivalents, translating rhetoric speech and references to Greek culture, society and gods. This paper compares target and source texts and also explores the impact of this translation on the Gujarati community in South Africa and on Gandhi.
Keywords: Gandhi, Socrates, Passive Resistance, Translation Studies, Paratext, Refraction.